The ALG must use a FIPS-validated cryptographic module to implement encryption services for unclassified information requiring confidentiality.

FIPS 140-2/140-3 precludes the use of invalidated cryptography for the cryptographic protection of sensitive or valuable data within federal systems. Unvalidated cryptography is viewed by NIST as providing no protection to the information or data. In effect, the data would be considered unprotected plain text. If the agency specifies that the information or data be cryptographically protected, then FIPS 140-2/140-3 is applicable. In essence, if cryptography is required, it must be validated. Cryptographic modules that have been approved for classified use may be used in lieu of modules that have been validated against the FIPS 140-2/140-3 standard.

The cryptographic module used must have one FIPS-validated encryption algorithm (i.e., validated Advanced Encryption Standard [AES]). This validated algorithm must be used for encryption for cryptographic security function within the product being evaluated.

This requirement also applies to Zero Trust initiatives.

Determine if the ALG enforces password encryption for communications sessions that require transmission of passwords.

If the ALG transmits unencrypted representations of passwords, this is a finding.

Configure the ALG to transmit encrypted representations of passwords.