AlmaLinux OS 9 must be configured so that the cryptographic hashes of system files match vendor values.

The hashes of important files like system executables should match the information given by the RPM database. Executables with erroneous hashes could be a sign of nefarious activity on the system.

The following command will list which files on the system have file hashes different from what is expected by the RPM database:

$ rpm -Va --noconfig | awk '$1 ~ /..5/ && $2 != "c"'

If there is an output, this is a finding.

Given the output from the check command, identify the package that provides the output and reinstall it.

The following trimmed example output shows a package that has failed verification, been identified, reinstalled, and then passed re-verification:

$ rpm -Va --noconfig | awk '$1 ~ /..5/ && $2 != "c"' 

S.5....T. /usr/bin/tar

$ dnf whatprovides /usr/bin/tar

tar-2:1.34-6.el9_1.x86_64 : GNU file archiving program

$ dnf reinstall tar

$ rpm -Va --noconfig | awk '$1 ~ /..5/ && $2 != "c"' 

[no output]