The role(s)/group(s) used to modify database structure and logic modules inside Azure SQL Server Managed Instance must be restricted to authorized users.

If the Azure SQL Managed Instance were to allow any user to make changes to database structure or logic, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of a robust change management process.

Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals will be allowed to obtain access to information system components for purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications.

Unmanaged changes that occur to the database software libraries or configuration can lead to unauthorized or compromised installations.

Obtain a listing of users and roles who are authorized to modify database structure and logic modules from the server documentation.

Execute the following query to obtain a list of database principals:

SELECT P.type_desc AS principal_type, P.name AS principal_name, CASE DP.class WHEN 0 THEN DP.class_desc ELSE O.type_desc END AS type_desc,CASE DP.class WHEN 0 THEN DB_NAME() WHEN 1 THEN OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(DP.major_id) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(DP.major_id) WHEN 3 THEN SCHEMA_NAME(DP.major_id) ELSE DP.class_desc + '(' + CAST(DP.major_id AS nvarchar) + ')' END AS securable_name, DP.state_desc, DP.permission_name FROM sys.database_permissions DP JOIN sys.database_principals P ON DP.grantee_principal_id = P.principal_id LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.all_objects O ON O.object_id = DP.major_id AND O.type IN ('TR','TA','P','X','RF','PC','IF','FN','TF','U') WHERE DP.type IN ('AL','ALTG') AND DP.class IN (0, 1, 53); GO

Execute the following query to obtain a list of role memberships:

SELECT R.name AS role_name, M.type_desc AS principal_type, M.name AS principal_name FROM sys.database_principals R JOIN sys.database_role_members DRM ON R.principal_id = DRM.role_principal_id JOIN sys.database_principals M ON DRM.member_principal_id = M.principal_id WHERE R.name IN ('db_ddladmin','db_owner') AND M.name <> 'dbo'; GO

If unauthorized access to the principal(s)/role(s) has been granted, this is a finding.

Document and obtain approval for any nonadministrative user(s) who require the ability to modify database structure and logic modules.

If necessary, use the ALTER ROLE and/or REVOKE commands to remove unauthorized users access to modify database structure. Examples provided below:

ALTER ROLE ddladmin DROP MEMBER UnauthorizedUser;

REVOKE SELECT ON OBJECT::test.table FROM UnauthorizedUser;

Refer to: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/alter-role-transact-sql?view=azuresqldb-mi-current