Microsoft Defender AV must be configured to monitor for file and program activity.

This policy setting allows configuration of monitoring for file and program activity. If this setting is enabled or not configured, monitoring for file and program activity will be enabled. If this setting is disabled, monitoring for file and program activity will be disabled.

Verify the policy value for Computer Configuration >> Administrative Templates >> Windows Components >> Microsoft Defender Antivirus >> Real-time Protection >> "Monitor file and program activity on your computer to be scanned" is set to "Enabled" or "Not Configured".

Procedure: Use the Windows Registry Editor to navigate to the following key: "HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection

If the value "DisableOnAccessProtection" is "REG_DWORD = 0", this is not a finding. If the value does not exist, this is not a finding. If the value is "1", this is a finding.

Alternate Check (if Microsoft Intune applied this setting):

Navigate to "HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Policy Manager".

If the value "AllowOnAccessProtection" is "REG_DWORD = 1", this is not a finding. If the value is "0", this is a finding.

Set the policy value for Computer Configuration >> Administrative Templates >> Windows Components >> Microsoft Defender Antivirus >> Real-time Protection >> "Monitor file and program activity on your computer" to "Enabled" or "Not Configured".