Logic modules within the database (to include packages, procedures, functions and triggers) must be monitored to discover unauthorized changes.

Any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system and/or application can potentially have significant effects on the overall security of the system. This includes the logic modules implemented within the database, such as packages, procedures, functions and triggers.

If the DBMS were to allow any user to make changes to these, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of a robust change management process.

Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals shall be allowed to obtain access to information system components for purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications.

Unmanaged changes that occur to the database logic modules can lead to unauthorized or compromised installations.

Review monitoring procedures and implementation evidence to verify that monitoring of changes to database logic modules is done.

Verify the list of objects (packages, procedures, functions, and triggers) being monitored is complete. If monitoring does not occur or is not complete, this is a finding.

Implement procedures to monitor for unauthorized changes to database logic modules. If a third-party automated tool is not employed, an automated job that reports on the objects of interest and compares them to the baseline report for the same will meet the requirement.