Tomcat user account must be a non-privileged user.

Use a distinct non-privileged user account for running Tomcat. If Tomcat processes are compromised and a privileged user account is used to operate the Tomcat server processes, the entire system becomes compromised.

Sample passwd file: tomcat:x:1001:1001::/opt/tomcat/usr/sbin/nologin

The user ID is stored in field 3 of the passwd file.

Run the following command to identify the Tomcat process UID: ps -ef | { head -1; grep catalina; } | cut -f1 -d" "

Run the following command to obtain the OS user ID tied to the Tomcat process: cat /etc/passwd|grep -i <UID>|cut -f3 -d:

Unless operationally necessary, the Tomcat process should not be tied to a privileged OS user ID. Depending on the operating system, privileged OS user IDs will typically be assigned user ID values <500 or <1000.

If the Tomcat process is running as a privileged user and is not documented and approved, this is a finding.

If the user ID field of the passwd file is set to 0, this is a finding.

From the Tomcat server, create a tomcat user by adding a new non-privileged user OS account with the following command:

sudo useradd tomcat

Edit the systemd tomcat.service file or create one if it does not exist. Use the new "tomcat" user account by setting; USER=tomcat

Location of the file should be /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service.

Enable the Tomcat service: sudo restorecon /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service sudo systemctl enable tomcat.service

Start Tomcat: sudo systemctl start tomcat